Rikicin geopolitical na 'yan shekarun nan ya lalata masana'antar karafa ta Ukraine.Alkaluman kungiyar karafa ta duniya sun nuna cewa a tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, danyen karafa da Ukraine ke hakowa ya kai ton miliyan 50 a kowace shekara;Ya zuwa shekarar 2021, danyen karafa da take hakowa ya ragu zuwa tan miliyan 21.4.Rikicin geopolitical ya shafa, an lalata wasu masana'antun karafa na Ukraine, kuma danyen karfen da yake hakowa a shekarar 2022 shi ma ya ragu zuwa tan miliyan 6.3, raguwar da ta kai kashi 71%.Bisa kididdigar da kungiyar cinikin karafa ta kasar Ukraine (Ukrmetalurgrom) ta yi, kafin watan Fabrairun shekarar 2022, kasar Ukraine tana da manyan injinan karafa sama da 10, wadanda ke da karfin samar da danyen karfe da yawansu ya kai tan miliyan 25.3, kuma bayan barkewar rikicin kasar. sauran masana'antun karafa guda shida ne kawai ke da jimillar danyen karfen da ya kai tan miliyan 17.Koyaya, bisa ga sabon bugu na rahoton hasashen buƙatun ɗan gajeren lokaci na Ƙungiyar Ƙarfa ta Duniya da aka fitar a watan Oktoba na wannan shekara, haɓakar masana'antar karafa ta Ukraine sannu a hankali yana inganta da daidaitawa.Hakan na iya ba da kwarin gwiwa wajen farfado da masana'antar karafa a kasar.
Shirin sake ginawa yana taimakawa buƙatun karfe inganta.
Bukatar karafa a Ukraine ta samu ci gaba, da cin gajiyar shirin sake gina kasar, da dai sauransu.Bayanai daga kungiyar cinikayyar karafa da karafa ta kasar Ukraine sun nuna cewa danyen karfen da Ukraine ta samar a farkon watanni 10 na shekarar 2023 ya kai tan miliyan 5.16, wanda ya ragu da kashi 11.7% a duk shekara;samar da ƙarfe na alade shine tan miliyan 4.91, saukar da 15.6% a shekara;kuma samar da karafa ya kai tan miliyan 4.37, ya ragu da kashi 13% a duk shekara.An dade ana fitar da kusan kashi 80% na kayayyakin karafa na Ukraine zuwa kasashen waje.A cikin shekarar da ta gabata, sakamakon rubanya farashin kayayyakin sufurin jiragen kasa da kuma toshewar tashoshin jiragen ruwa a yankin tekun Black Sea, kamfanonin karafa na kasar sun yi asarar hanyoyin fitar da kayayyaki masu sauki da arha.
Bayan lalata kayayyakin samar da makamashi, an tilastawa yawancin kamfanonin karafa na kasar rufe.To sai dai kuma bayan da tsarin makamashin Ukraine ya dawo aiki, yawancin masu samar da wutar lantarki a kasar yanzu sun iya biyan bukatar wutar lantarki a masana'antu, amma har yanzu akwai bukatar ci gaba da inganta yanayin samar da makamashi.Bugu da kari, masana'antar karafa ta kasar na bukatar a sake tsara hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki cikin gaggawa tare da bullo da sabbin hanyoyin dabaru.A halin yanzu, wasu daga cikin kamfanonin kasar sun riga sun sake kafa hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje ta tashar jiragen ruwa na Turai da tashar jiragen ruwa na Izmir da ke karamar Danube a kudancin Ukraine, tare da tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki.
Babban kasuwar kayayyakin karafa da karafa na kasar Ukraine ya kasance yankin Tarayyar Turai a kodayaushe, kuma manyan kayayyakin da ake fitar da su sun hada da karafa, da kayayyakin da ba a kammala ba, da dai sauransu.Sabili da haka, ci gaban masana'antar karafa ta Ukraine ya dogara sosai kan yanayin tattalin arziki a yankin EU.Tun daga farkon 2023, manyan kamfanoni tara na Turai sun ba da sanarwar sake farawa ko maido da ikon samar da su, yayin da hannun jarin wasu masu rarraba Turai ya ƙare a watan Disamba 2022.Tare da farfado da samar da karafa, farashin kayayyakin karafa ya samu karuwar bukatar karafa daga kamfanonin karafa na Turai.Sakamakon toshewar tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Bahar Maliya, kasuwar EU ita ma ta kasance fifiko ga kamfanonin ma'adinan Yukren.Dangane da hasashen kungiyar Kasuwancin Karfe ta Ukraine, a cikin 2023, fitar da kayayyakin karafa na kasar zai kai kashi 53%, ana sa ran sake fara jigilar kayayyaki zai kara karuwa;Jimlar samar da karafa kuma za ta karu zuwa tan miliyan 6.5, tashar jiragen ruwa bayan bude yiwuwar rubanya.
Wasu kamfanoni sun fara tsara shirye-shiryen dawo da samarwa.
Duk da cewa yana da wahala a gaggauce aikin karafa da ake hakowa a Ukraine ya koma matakin da ya dace kafin rikicin ya barke, wasu kamfanoni a kasar sun fara tsara shirye-shiryen dawo da hakowar.
Bayanai daga Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Karfe ta Ukrainian sun nuna cewa a cikin 2022, matsakaicin ƙarfin amfani na shekara-shekara na masana'antar ƙarfe na Ukrainian zai zama kawai 30%.Masana'antar karafa ta kasar na nuna alamun samun ci gaba a shekarar 2023 yayin da samar da wutar lantarki ya daidaita.A watan Fabrairun 2023, yawan danyen karafa na kamfanonin karafa na kasar Ukraine ya karu da kashi 49.3 cikin dari a duk wata, wanda ya kai tan 424,000;Karfe ya karu da kashi 30% a wata-wata, ya kai tan 334,000.
Kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai na kasar sun himmatu wajen maido da kayan aikin layin da ake samarwa.A halin yanzu, kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai da sarrafawa guda huɗu a ƙarƙashin rukunin Metinvest suna ci gaba da samarwa bisa ga al'ada, tare da ƙarfin amfani da kashi 25% zuwa 40%.Kungiyar ta yi shirin mayar da karfin hakar ma'adinan zuwa kashi 30% na matakan da aka riga aka dauka yayin da ake mai da hankali kan samar da pellet.A cikin Maris 2023, layin samar da pellet na biyu na Ferrexpo, wanda ke gudanar da kasuwancin ma'adinan ƙarfe a Ukraine, an fara aiki.A halin yanzu, kamfanin yana da jimillar layukan samar da pellet 4 a samarwa, kuma ƙimar amfani da ƙarfin ya kai kashi 50%.
Kamfanoni a manyan wuraren samar da karafa har yanzu suna fuskantar haɗari da yawa
Dangane da halin da ake ciki yanzu, a manyan yankunan da ake samar da karafa na kasar Ukraine kamar su Zaporozh, Krivoy Rog, Nikopol, Dnipro, da Kamiansk, har yanzu akwai kamfanonin karafa da ke fuskantar wuraren samar da makamashi da makamashi.Hatsari kamar lalacewa da katsewar dabaru.
Sake gina masana'antu yana jawo hannun jari da yawa a ketare
Duk da cewa rikicin Rasha da Ukraine ya haifar da babbar asara ga masana'antar karafa ta Ukraine, har yanzu kamfanonin karafa na Ukraine suna da kwarin gwiwa game da makomar gaba.Har ila yau, masu saka hannun jari na kasashen waje suna da kyakkyawan fata game da yuwuwar masana'antar karafa ta Ukraine.Wasu masana sun yi hasashen cewa sake gina masana'antar karafa na Ukraine zai jawo jarin biliyoyin daloli.
A watan Mayun 2023, a Taron Kasuwancin Gine-gine da aka gudanar a Kiev, SMC, reshen Metinvest Group, a hukumance ya ba da shawarar wani shiri na sake gina ƙasa mai suna "Mafarkin Karfe".Kamfanin ya yi shirin tsara nau'ikan gine-ginen karfe 13, wadanda suka hada da gine-ginen zama (dakunan kwanan dalibai da otal-otal), gidajen kayayyakin more rayuwa (makarantu, kindergartens, dakunan shan magani), da wuraren ajiye motoci, wuraren wasanni da matsugunan karkashin kasa.SMC ta yi hasashen cewa Ukraine za ta bukaci kusan tan miliyan 3.5 na karfe don sake gina gidaje da ababen more rayuwa, wanda zai dauki shekaru 5 zuwa 10.A cikin watanni shida da suka gabata, kusan abokan hulda 50 a kasar ne suka shiga shirin Mafarki na Karfe, wadanda suka hada da masana’antar karafa, masu sana’ar kayan daki da masu kera kayayyakin gini.
A cikin Maris 2023, Ƙungiyar Posco Holdings ta Koriya ta Kudu ta kafa ƙungiyar aiki ta musamman ta "Ukraine farfadowa da na'ura", mai da hankali kan ayyukan da suka danganci a manyan fannoni biyar da suka haɗa da karfen Yukren, hatsi, kayan baturi na biyu, makamashi da kayan more rayuwa.Posco Holdings yana shirin shiga cikin ayyukan samar da karafa na gida.Koriya ta Kudu da Ukraine su ma za su yi nazarin hanyoyin gine-gine na zamani don gina karafa, ta yadda za a rage tsawon lokacin aikin sake ginawa.A matsayin ingantacciyar hanyar gini, ginin na yau da kullun yana fara keɓance kashi 70 zuwa 80% na abubuwan ƙarfe a cikin masana'anta sannan a kai su wurin don haɗawa.Wannan na iya rage lokacin gini da kashi 60%, kuma ana iya sake sarrafa kayan aikin karfe yadda ya kamata.
A watan Yuni 2023, a taron Farfado da Yukren da aka gudanar a London, Ingila, Metinvest Group da Primetals Technologies sun shiga cikin dandalin "Green Farko na Masana'antar Karfe ta Yukren".Wannan dandali wani shiri ne na hukuma na gwamnatin Ukraine da nufin tallafawa sake gina masana'antar karafa ta kasar da kuma farfado da masana'antar Ukrainian ta hanyar koren canji na masana'antar karafa.
An kiyasta cewa za ta kashe dalar Amurka biliyan 20 zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 40 don kafa sarkar darajar karfen kore.Da zarar an kammala sarkar darajar, ana sa ran Ukraine za ta samar da har zuwa tan miliyan 15 na "koren karfe" a kowace shekara.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-20-2023